An Analysis of Sindhi Taboo Words in Zahar Zindagi and Takrar (Dramas)
Abstract
This study investigates social taboos in two Sindhi TV dramas, ZAHAR ZINDAGI and TAKRAR. Both selected dramas are aired on television during the prime time when most viewers get free from their routine activities. Viewing the nature of the study, the researchers employ qualitative descriptive research in which phenomenological features of a particular audience are examined and understood using direct observation (Creswell, 2012). The sampling size of each drama episode (n=7) is collected through purposive sampling. Considering the theoretical framework, this endeavour used Jay's (1992) nine types of taboo words as a theoretical framework. Eventually, a deep dive into the collected prime time two Sindhi dramas, the study finds seven types of taboo words, excluding blasphemy and scatology. The results show that insult and slur (offensive words) and vulgarity (coarse/unrefined words) are the most used taboo words which offend female and male characters in the drama, the next excessively used word is cursing (invoking against something), obscenity (indecency words), epithet (attributing ethnicity, race, and gender), slang (informal words) and profanity (swear words) (see findings section). This study further implies that taboo words are used for reasons such as to catch attention, to show detest and frustration, to strive emotions by catharses and humour, and to enhance authenticity and realism. Besides, this study opens a window for more studies to observe taboo language and its impact on youth and family members.
Keywords
Drama, , Taboo, , Zindagi, , TAKRAR, , Obscenity
References
- Ahmad, F. (2023). How do Pakistani drama serials discursively represent domestic violence? In Qualitative Research Journal (Vol. 23, Issue 2). Qualitative Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-11-2021-0119
- Ali, A., & Ayesha. (2015). Violence against women in Pakistani feature films. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 3(2), 68–76. www.idpublications.org
- Allan, K. (2022). Obscenity, slurs, and taboo. Handbook of Pragmatics: 24, 220.
- Amna Anwar, Mubasher Hussain, & Hafza Munazza Akhter. (2024). Cultural Schemas in Legal Language: A Corpus-Based Exploration of the Punjab Laws. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 4(1), 37–47. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/395
- Batistella, M., & Moran, E. F. (2005). Dimensões humanas do uso e cobertura das terras na Amazônia: uma contribuição do LBA. Acta Amazonica, 35(2), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672005000200014
- Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research (FOURTH). Pearson Education.
- Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.
- Fatima, A. (2019). Representations of women’s role in Pakistan: A critical analysis through drama serials. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 20(3), 3–16.
- Fershtman, C., Gneezy, U., & Hoffman, M. (2011). Taboos and identity: Considering the unthinkable. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 3(2), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.3.2.139
- Hassan, A. Y., Hasan, M. A., & Sabti, A. A. (2022). The Use of Taboo Words and Euphemisms in Albasheer Show Program. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 14(3).
- Hornby, A. S. (n.d.). Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary (Chinese Edition). Retrieved 6 February 2024, from https://www.abebooks.com/9787100105279/Oxford-Advanced-Learners-English-Chinese-Dictionary-7100105277/plp
- Hwang, J., & Borah, P. (2022). Anxiety Disorder and Smoking Behavior: The Moderating Effects of Entertainment and Informational Television Viewing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159160
- Itziar, Azpeitia, I. (2019). Beyond negativity on television entertainment: positive perspectives and research on its contribution to public television. Additional analysis: the Basque night-show magazine Sorginen Laratza. Euskal Telebista.
- Jamieson, P. E., & Romer, D. (2014). Violence in popular U.S. prime time TV dramas and the cultivation of fear: A time series analysis. In Media and Communication (Vol. 2, Issue 2). A Time Series Analysis. Media and Communication. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v2i2.8
- Jay, T. (1992). Cursing in America. Cursing in America, 1–287. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.57
- Kato, M., Ishikawa, H., Okuhara, T., Okada, M., & Kiuchi, T. (2017). Mapping research on health topics presented in prime-time TV dramas in “developed” countries: A literature review. In Cogent Social Sciences (Vol. 3, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1318477
- Kaye, B. K., & Sapolsky, B. S. (2009). Taboo or not taboo? That is the question: Offensive language on prime-time broadcast and cable programming. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 53(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150802643522
- Khan, M. K., Malhi, A. T., Ali, G., & Manzoor, H. (2023). Cultural Effects of Urdu Dramas of GEO and HUM TV among University Students of Narowal. Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 35–45.
- Le, L. H., & Hancer, M. (2021). Using social learning theory in examining YouTube viewers’ desire to imitate travel vloggers. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 12(3), 512–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2020-0200
- Merriam-Webster. (2020). Dictionary by Merriam-Webster. In Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/
- Muslim, I., Sarwar, M. S., & Bajwa, A. M. (2020). Endorsement of Diverse Cultures in Less Developed Areas: A Study to Understand the Effects of Cable Television in Southern Punjab. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 4(3), 711–720.
- Noreen, M., Shah, B. H., & Shah, S. M. H. (2022). Evaluating Quality of Media Content in Pakistan through the Lens of Comprehensive Literature Review. Pak. Journal of Media Science, 3(1).
- Pearsall, J., Hanks, P., Soanes, C., & Stevenson, A. (2010). Oxford Dictionary of English. In Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199571123.001.0001
- Pervaiz, A., Arshad, F., Khudadad, K., & Tahir, R. (2021). A Descriptive Analysis of Linguistic Taboos of Urdu Language in Pakistan. Kashmir Journal of Language Research, 24(2), 113–135.
- Potvain, M., Martin, P., Cousin Carbolier, L., Hudelet, A., & Alberti, C. (2024). “Let’s Talk About Sex”: How Sexual Health Dimensions are Integrated into Verbal Discourses in Teen Dramas Available on Video on Demand. Sexuality and Culture. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-024-10198-z
- Rai Hassan Iqbal, & Dr Syed Kazim Shah. (2023). Exploring The Social Context of Online English Language Teaching (ELT) Platforms: A Critical Discourse Analysis of YouTube Comments. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 3(3), 283–293A. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/331
- Recuero, R. (2024). The Platformization of Violence: Toward a Concept of Discursive Toxicity on Social Media. Social Media + Society, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231224264
- Rogers, C., Rogers, Randall., & Brayton, C. (2019). Television video and/or audio overlay entertainment device and method.
- Scacco, J. M., & Saffer, A. J. (2024). Curating Emergent Publics Through Domain Crossing. Social Media + Society, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241237782
- Safdar, G., Shabir, G., Imran, M., Seyal, A. M., Jamil, T., & Lecturer, V. (2015). Television as a Source of Low-Cost Entertainment: A Case Study of Pakistan. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 4(1), 24–29. www.ajssh.
- Samejo, A. K., Lashari, A. A., & Mahar, S. S. (2023). A Study of Developing a Prototype of Sindhi Primer of Early Childhood Education Level in Sindh. In Global Social Sciences Review: Vol. VIII (Issue II). Global social sciences review. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-ii).21
- Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content. 1996. 김원용 역, 매스미디어사회학, 서울: 나남, 313. https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X14540245
- Simon, O., Ahmad, S., & Dako, R. T. (2021). Taboo Words in Main Characters of Death Proof Movie. TRANS-KATA: Journal Of Language, Literature, Culture And Education, 1(2), 47–57.
- Sindh, T. V. (n.d.). DBpedia. https://dbpedia.org/page/Sindh_TV
- Sofi, S. A., Nika, F. A., Shah, M. S., & Zarger, A. S. (2018). Impact of subliminal advertising on consumer buying behaviour: an empirical study on young Indian consumers. Global Business Review, 19(6), 1580–1601.
- Tahir, H., & Rehman, B. H. (2021). Rethinking Gender Roles: Perception of Female Viewers of Pakistani Television Dramas. Journal of Peace, Development and Communication, 177–184.
- Tariq Rahman. (2010). Language Policy, Identity And Religion: Aspects Of The Civilization Of The Muslims Of Pakistan And North India. In National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. Chair on Quaid-i-Azam & Freedom Movement.
- Wardhaugh, R. (2006). Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Publishing.
- Yadav, A., & Glantz, S. A. (2021). Tobacco imagery in entertainment media: Evolution of tobacco-free movies and television programmes rules in India. In BMJ Global Health (Vol. 6, Issue 1). BMJ Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003639