Utilization of Agriculture Credit by Married Women: Does the Husband Matter?
Abstract
The current study presents an investigation of the utilization of agriculture credit by married women in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to investigate how husbands in Pakistan's Punjab and Sindh provinces assist their wives in obtaining and using agricultural finance. The current research used descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis, among other statistical techniques, to examine the differences and similarities between the two provinces, utilizing primary data from the adopted and modified questionnaire of Tisdell et al. (2020). The findings indicate that men significantly influence the amount of agricultural funding that their wives can obtain. It turned out that husbands in Sindh province support their wives' savings and investments more than do husbands in Punjab province. The study found that the fact that some husbands in both regions exploit their wives' credit for personal benefit may reduce the benefits and empowerment of women in agriculture. Furthermore, the findings of the study identified several factors that affect women's capacity to get and use credit, including income, education, land ownership, household size, and societal norms.
Keywords
Agricultural, , Finance, , Investment, , Ownership, , Investments.
References
- Arain, A., Irfan Ahmed Lashari, & Nazar Hussain. (2024). Empirical Analysis of the Survival Factors Contributing to the Survival of Small Businesses. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 4(1), 1–10. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/245
- Anirban, Ganguly., Asim, Talukdar., Debdeep, Chatterjee. (2019). Evaluating the role of social capital, tacit knowledge sharing, knowledge quality and reciprocity in determining innovation capability of an organization. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(6):1105-1135. doi: 10.1108/JKM-03-2018-0190
- Chandio, A. A., Jiang, Y., Wei, F., & Guangshun, X. (2018). Effects of agricultural credit on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan: are short-term loans better?. Agricultural Finance Review.
- Chandio, A. A., Jiang, Y., Wei, F., Rehman, A., & Liu, D. (2017). Famers’ access to credit: Does collateral matter or cash flow matter? Evidence from Sindh, Pakistan. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1), 1369383.
- Das, A., Patel, D. P., Kumar, M., Ramkrushna, G. I., Mukherjee, A., Layek, J., & Buragohain, J. (2017). Impact of seven years of organic farming on soil and produce quality and crop yields in eastern Himalayas, India. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 236, 142-153.
- Giannatale, S., & Roa, M. J. (2019). Barriers to Formal Saving: Micro‐and Macroeconomic Effects. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(2), 541-566.
- Edeme, R. K., Asogwa, H. T., & Yusuf, Y. (2022). Microfinance and Women Empowerment: An Assessment of Disparity in Rural Women Access to Micro Credit in Nigeria. In Microfinance to Combat Global Recession and Social Exclusion (pp. 263-275). Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
- Haq, A., & Safavian, M. (2013). Are Pakistan's Women Entrepreneurs Being Served by the Microfinance Sector?: Are They Being Served by the Microfinance Sector?. World Bank Publications.
- Hay, K., McDougal, L., Percival, V., Henry, S., Klugman, J., Wurie, H., ... & Gupta, G. R. (2019). Disrupting gender norms in health systems: making the case for change. The Lancet, 393(10190), 2535-2549.
- Hoa, D. T., Tram, B. T. H., & Loi, N. D. (2022). Improving the Position of Ethnic Minority Women Through the Policy of Credit Support for Poor Households: A Case Study of Northern Mountains of Vietnam. Global Changes and Sustainable Development in Asian Emerging Market Economies Vol. 1, 561-575.
- Hussain, A., & Thapa, G. B. (2012). Smallholders’ access to agricultural credit in Pakistan. Food Security, 4(1), 73-85.
- Jan, I., Khan, H., & Hayat, S. (2012). Determinants of Rural Household Energy Choices: An Example from Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 21(3).
- Jurik, N. C., Křížková, A., Pospíšilová, M., & Cavender, G. (2019). Blending, credit, context: doing business, family and gender in Czech and US copreneurships. International Small Business Journal, 37(4), 317-342.
- Lamontagne-Godwin, J., Williams, F. E., Aslam, N., Cardey, S., Dorward, P., & Almas, M. (2018). Gender differences in use and preferences of agricultural information sources in Pakistan. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 24(5), 419-434.
- Lorenzini, M. (2021). The other side of banking: Private lending and the role of women in early modern Italy. In Change and Transformation of Premodern Credit Markets (pp. 177-197). heiBOOKS.
- Malik, B., & Shrestha, R. B. (2019). Youth and Women in Agriculture for Economic Development and Food Security in Pakistan. Youth and Women in Agriculture: Economic Development and Food Security in South Asia, 101.
- Mu, H. (2024). Green investment, energy efficiency, and economic growth: does economic freedom matter? Evidence from BRICS countries. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 30(1), 218–237. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2024.19442
- Naila Nazir, Muhammad Asif, & Khattak, D. S. (2023). Socio-Economic Determinants of Fertility Behavior: A Co-Integration Analysis for Pakistan. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 3(4), 270–281. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/183
- Nguyen, B., & Canh, N. P. (2021). Formal and informal financing decisions of small businesses. Small Business Economics, 57(3), 1545-1567.
- Nouman, M., Siddiqi, M., Asim, S., & Hussain, Z. (2013). Impact of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on access to agricultural credit. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 29(3), 469-476.
- Parker, J., & Veasey, K. (2021). Universal credit, gender and structural abuse. The Journal of Adult Protection.
- Qin, M., Su, C.-W., Wang, Y., & Doran, N. M. (2024). Could “digital gold” resist global supply chain pressure?. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 30(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2023.18557
- Saqib, S. E., Kuwornu, J. K., Panezia, S., & Ali, U. (2018). Factors determining subsistence farmers' access to agricultural credit in flood-prone areas of Pakistan. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(2), 262-268.
- Seibel, H. D., & Parhusip, U. (2019). Linking formal and informal finance: An Indonesian example. In Informal Finance in Low-Income Countries (pp. 239-248). Routledge.
- Seife, Ayele., Alan, J., Duncan., Asamoah, Larbi., Truong, Tan, Khanh. (2016). Enhancing innovation in livestock value chains through networks: Lessons from fodder innovation case studies in developing countries. 175-200.
- Tisdell, C., Ahmad, S., Agha, N., Steen, J., & Verreynne, M. L. (2020). Microfinance for wives: Fresh insights obtained from a study of poor rural women in Pakistan. J. Res. Gender Stud., 10, 9.
- Van Loon, J., Woltering, L., Krupnik, T. J., Baudron, F., Boa, M., & Govaerts, B. (2020). Scaling agricultural mechanization services in smallholder farming systems: Case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. Agricultural systems, 180, 102792.
- Zaheen Akhtar, & Dr Arshad Mahmoud Malik. (2023). Economic Analysis of Food Commodity Prices in Urban Food System: A Case Study of Rawalpindi. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 3(2), 9–18. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/221