Journal of Academic Research for Humanities (JARH) is a double-blind peer-review, Open Free Access, online Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024)
The International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities"

Research Articles

Development of Traditionalist and Modernist Thought in British India: A Study in Emerging 19th and 20th Century Scholarship

Published 24-11-2024

  • Kousar Sarwar
    • ,
  • Mazher Hussain

Kousar Sarwar
PhD Scholar, Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

Mazher Hussain
Associate Professor, Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

Abstract

 During the 18th century, India was colonized by European and British powers, through trade and later by conquests. The disintegration and decline of Mughal rule resulted in the emergence of Europeans as a powerful force in the region. Later, the French tried to establish their hold but were categorically defeated. Britain excelled in strategy by using Indian rulers and by direct military intervention. In this study, the theme under discussion is the period from the 18th to the 20th century. The research work has covered the period of Islamic thought in British India in which traditional and modern approaches developed. Islamic thought was the product of both challenge and response encountering challenges—internal and external, faced by the Muslims. Several scholars from the traditional and modern strata provided their services to respond to this variety of challenges. This variation called for varied approaches from Muslim scholars. The research in hand has manifested that regardless of the methodology and response, Muslim endeavours and intellectual activism contributed immensely to the development of a specific pattern of religious thought in British India.

Keywords

Islam, Traditionalist, Modernist, Revivalist, Movements

PDF

References

  1. Ahmad, Akbar S (1988). Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society, (pp. 36-37), New York: Routledge
  2. Ahmad, Aziz (1967). Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan 1857-1964, (pp.127-138), Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. Ahmad, Safdar (2013). Reform and Modernity in Islam, (pp.93-94), London: I.B. Tauris
  4. Ahmad, Sheikh Jameil (2000). Islamic Thought and Movement in the Subcontinent, (pp.54-68), New Delhi: D.K. Printworld Publications
  5. Ahmadi, Faisal (2020). The Value Of Qiyas In Islamic Jurisprudence, Jurnal Wasatiyah : Jurnal Hukum, E-ISSN: 2723 – 1038, (pp. 39-43) Vol. 1, No.2, December
  6. Ali, Ausaf (2000). Modern Muslim Thought (Vol.2), (pp.45-48), Lahore: Royal Book Company
  7. Bennett, Clinton (2005). Muslims and Modernity, 163-164), London: Continuum
  8. Bhat, Abdur Rashid (2005). Political Thought of Shah Waliullah, (pp.13-17), Karachi: Adam Publishers & Distributors
  9. Brown, Daniel W (1993). Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought, (pp.6-21), London: Cambridge University Press
  10. Chughtai, Muḥammad Ikram (2005). Shah Waliullah (1703 - 1762): His Religious and Political Thought, (pp.56-67), Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications
  11. Fyzee, Asaf A. A. (1981). A Modern Approach to Islam, (pp.21-24), New Delhi: Oxford University Press
  12. Ghaffar, Mufti Abdul (2006). Ijma aur Iski Shar’ai Haisiyat (Ijma and Its Legal Significance), (pp. 54-66), Karachi: Al-Sadaf Publishers
  13. Halepota, A. J. (1977). Philosophy of Shah Waliullah, (pp.32-54), Karachi: Sind Sagar Academy
  14. Haq, Mushir U (1970), Muslim Politics in Modern India, 1857-1947, (p.88-92), New Delhi: Meenakshi Prakashan
  15. Hardy, Peter (1972). The Muslims of British India, (pp. 213-219), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  16. Hefner, Robert W (2016). Shari’a Law, and Modern Muslim Ethics, (pp.115-116), Bloomington: Indiana University Press
  17. Hussain, Mazhar (1993). Aligarh Tehreek: Samaji or Siasi Mutalaa, (pp.58-74), New Delhi: Anjuman Taraqi-i-Udu
  18. Kaur, K. (1990). Madrasa Education in India: A Study of Its Past and Present, (pp. 24-27) Chandigarh: Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development
  19. Kurzman, Charles (2002). Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook, (pp.57-61) Oxford: Oxford University Press
  20. Maududi, A. A. (1960). Islamic Law and Constitution, (pp. 39-71), Lahore: The Islamic Publications
  21. Metcalf, Barbara D (2009). Islam in South Asia in Practice, (pp.79-81), Princeton: Princeton University Press
  22. Metcalf, B. D. & Metcalf, T. R. (2006). A Concise History of Modern India, Cambridge Concise Histories Series, (pp.209-211), Cambridge University Press
  23. Nurullah Syed and Naik, J. P (1943), History of Ecucation in India during British Period, (pp. 187-218), London: Macmillan
  24. Quasem, Abul (1980). Islam, Science, and Modern Thoughts, (pp.63-64), Dhaka: Islamic Foundation Bangladesh
  25. Rehman, Fazlur (1982). Islam and Modernity, (pp.23-26), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  26. Riaz, Ali (2010). Madrassah Education in Pre-colonial and Colonial South Asia, Journal of Asian and African Studies, (pp.69-86) 46(1) 69–86, UK: Sage Journals
  27. Saeed, Abdullah (2006). Islamic Thought: An Introduction, (pp.60-74), London: Routledge
  28. Shabbar, Saad (2017). Ijtihad and Renewal, (pp. 2-9), London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought
  29. Siddiqi , Mazheruddin (1967). Modern Reformist Thought in the Subcontinent, (pp.78-83), Karachi: Islamic Book Service
  30. Siddiqui, Muhammad Yasin Mazhar (2001). Shah Waliullah Dehlavi: An Introduction to His Illustrious Personality, (pp.25-29), Aligarh Muslim University: Institute of Islamic Studies
  31. Sikand , Yoginder (2005). Bastions of The Believers: Madrasas and Islamic Education in India, (pp.283-291) New York: Penguin
  32. Singh, David Emmanuel (2012). Islamization in Modern South Asia, (pp.55-58), Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Inc.
  33. Smith, W. C (1943). Modern Islam in India: A Social Analysis, (pp. 42-44), Lahore: Minerva Book Shop
  34. Tayob, Abdulkader (2009). Religion in Modern Islamic Discourse, (pp.113-114), London: Hurst & Company, London
  35. Troll, Christian W. (1986). Modern Trends in Indian Islamic Thought: The Contemporary Scene, (pp.89-90), Michigan: Sophia University
  36. Veeramantry, C. G (1988), Islamic Jurisprudence: An International Perspective, (pp.40-45), New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  37. Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2012). Modern Islamic Thought in a Radical Age: Religious Authority and Internal Criticism, (pp.43-45) New York: Cambridge University Press