Journal of Academic Research for Humanities (JARH) is a double-blind, peer-reviewed, Open Free Access, online Multidisciplinary Research Journal
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Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
International Journal of Academic Research for Humanities

Research Articles

Managerial Surveillance and Employee Compliance in Market Organizations: A Foucauldian Examination of Disciplinary Power

https://doi.org/10.67244/jar.bwo-researches.v6i3.a608

Published 07-07-2026

  • Muqadas Fatima
    • ,
  • Mehvish Muzaffar
    • ,
  • Dr. Muhammad Asif

Muqadas Fatima
M Phil Scholar, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan

Mehvish Muzaffar
Lecturer in English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

Dr. Muhammad Asif
Head, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan,

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between managerial surveillance and employee compliance in market institutions by using Michel Foucault’s theory of power as its theoretical framework. Based on the concept of disciplinary power, the study examines how surveillance works as a controlling mechanism that influences workplace behavior and encourages internal discipline. A quantitative research design was used, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of 20 items from 40 market managers in Karachi, Pakistan. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20, employing frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and reliability testing. The questionnaire demonstrated strong internal consistency with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.87. The results show that most respondents believe that surveillance is a useful mechanism of disciplinary power that encourages self-regulation, normalization, and compliance of employees. Most respondents agreed that power is exercised through everyday organizational practices, rather than hierarchical authority alone. The study highlights the ongoing relevance of Foucauldian theory in explaining contemporary workplace surveillance and organizational control. The results provide useful information for managers who want to combine effective systems of monitoring with trust in the organization and autonomy for employees.

Keywords

Michel Foucault, managerial surveillance, employee compliance, disciplinary power, market managers, Karachi

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