Journal of Academic Research for Humanities (JARH) is a double-blind peer-review, Open Free Access, online Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024)
The International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities"

Research Articles

An analysis of female teachers’ emotional labor and work-life conflicts at the secondary level

Published 13-07-2024

  • Dr. Vajiha Naz
    • ,
  • Muhammad Aqeel Raza
    • ,
  • Dr. Romena

Dr. Vajiha Naz
Principal / Lecturer, Department of Education, Govt. Zainab Graduate College Chowk Shaheedan, Multan, Pakistan

Muhammad Aqeel Raza
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, NCBA & E Lahore, Multan Campus, Pakistan

Dr. Romena
Department of Education, Emerson University, Multan-Pakistan

Abstract

  The present study explores the relationship between female teachers’ perception of emotional labor and work-life conflict at the secondary level. The objectives of the current study were to assess female teachers’ emotional labor at the secondary level, to identify the female teachers’ work-life conflict at the secondary level, and to find out the correlation between female teachers’ emotional labor and work-life conflicts. The study was quantitative in nature and correlational research design was used. A sample of four hundred and forty-three teachers (443), including two hundred and thirty (230) public and two hundred and thirteen (213) private secondary school teachers, was selected through stratified sampling technique from female secondary schools of district Layyah. The researcher used the survey method for the collection of data. Teachers’ Emotional Labor Strategy Scale developed by Yin in 2012  and Work-Life Stress Scale by Ahmad et al. in  2020 were adapted and modified according to the objectives of the study (Yin, 2012; Ahmad et al. in  2020). Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient by using SPSS. The findings of the study showed that there was a statistically positive and significant correlation between teachers’ perception of emotional labor and work-life conflict at the secondary level. In the end, it was recommended that secondary school heads should be focused on organize training programs for building female teachers’ emotional regulation abilities. Psychological Techniques should be used to meet the emotional demands of work.

Keywords

Emotional, , Labor, , Conflict, , Abilities, , Training

PDF

Author Biography

Dr. Vajiha Naz

Dr. Vajiha Naz is working as Lecture in Govt.  Zainab Graduate College Chowk Shaheedan  Multan. She did her PhD from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan

Dr. Romena

Dr. Romena is working as Assistant Professor in Deparment of Education, Emerson University Multan. She did her PhD from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan

References

  1. Ajala, E. M. (2017). Work-family-conflict and family-work-conflict as correlates of job performance among working mothers: implications for industrial social workers. African Journal of Social Work, 7(1), 52-62.
  2. Brown, E. L. (2011). Emotion matters: Exploring the emotional labor of teaching. University of Pittsburgh.
  3. Bridge, C., Horey, D., Loch, B., Julien, B., & Thompson, B. (2023). The impact of an innovators group on the development of a culture of innovation in the use of educational technologies. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.8575
  4. Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education, Inc.
  5. Erdamar, G., & Demirel, H. (2014). Investigation of work-family, family-work conflict of the teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4919-4924.
  6. Grandey, A. A., & Gabriel, A. S. (2015). Emotional labor at a crossroads: Where do we go from here? Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 2(1), 323-349.
  7. Han, J., & Gao, C. (2023). University teachers’ well-being in ICT-enhanced teaching: The roles of teacher self-efficacy and teaching support. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.8868
  8. Higgins, C. C., & Kotrlik, J. W. Selecting an Appropriate Sample Size for Conducting Survey Research. In TITLE Delta Pi Epsilon National Conference. Book of Readings (Nashville, Tennessee, November 15-17, 2001). INSTITUTION Delta Pi Epsilon Society, Little Rock, AR (p. 136).Huang, S., Yin, H., & Han, J. (2019). Do Chinese teachers perform emotional labor equally? Multi-group comparisons across genders, grade levels, and regions. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 190.
  9. Indregard, A.-M. R., Ulleberg, P., Knardahl, S., & Nielsen, M. B. (2018). Emotional dissonance and sickness absence among employees working with customers and clients: A moderated mediation model via exhaustion and human resource primacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 436.
  10. Laghari, D. M. A., Chachar, D. Z. A., & Saima Bachal. (2023). An overview of the influence of teachers` subject matter knowledge on students’ academic achievement. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 3(3), 252–258A. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/327
  11. Linh, N. T. T., Jin, T. C., Kiong, T. P., & Fah, B. C. Y. (2016). Work-family conflict and employee job satisfaction: A comparison of state-owned and foreign-invested enterprises in Vietnam. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 6(4), 63-72.
  12. Liu, L. H. (2009). Research on Emotional Labor of Elementary and Middle School Teachers. Master's Thesis, Chongqing: Chongqing University.
  13. Liu, Y. C. (2012). Discussion on Teachers ‘Emotional Display Rules. Journal of Zhejiang Normal University: Social Sciences, 63, 6-11.
  14. Mishra, S. K., & Kumar, K. K. (2016). Minimizing the cost of emotional dissonance at work: a multi-sample analysis. Management Decision.
  15. Montgomery, A. J., Panagopolou, E., de Wildt, M., & Meenks, E. (2006). Work‐family interference, emotional labor, and burnout. Journal of managerial psychology, 21(1), 36-51.
  16. Molero, M. M., Martos, Á., Pérez-Fuentes, M. C., Tortosa, B. M., Sisto, M., Simón, M. M., and Gázquez, J. J. (2024). Humanization, Adaptation to Change, and Mental Health in Teachers in Three European Countries. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 16(1), 17 - 25. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2024a2
  17. Muhammad Ramzan, Dr Muhammad Moin, & Arshad Hussain Madni. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Academic Achievements of Male and Female Students in Mathematics at Government High Schools of Punjab. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 4(1), 121–127. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/394
  18. Näring, G., Briët, M., & Brouwers, A. (2006). Beyond demand–control: Emotional labor and symptoms of burnout in teachers. Work & Stress, 20(4), 303-315.
  19. Ortiz Beltrán, A., Hernandez-Leo, D., & Amarasinghe, I. (2023). Surviving and thriving: How changes in teaching modalities influenced student satisfaction before, during, and after COVID-19. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 72–88. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.8958
  20. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2009). Organizational behavior. Pearson South Africa.
  21. Saleem, A., Deeba, F., & Raza, M. A. (2022). Global Citizenship Education: A New Approach to Global Citizenship Development. PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY, 3(2), 392-409.
  22. Sarraf, M., Talepasand, S., Rahimianboogar, E., Mohammadifar, M. A., & Najafi, M. (2017). Labor As The Mediator for the Structural Relationship Between Emotional Job Demands and Teaching Satisfaction and Performance: the Moderator Role Of Emotional Intelligence. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(4), 137-146.
  23. Tahira Asgher, Muhammad Saleem, & Dr. Asma Kashif Shahzad. (2023). Eco Linguistics-Infused Procedural Text Learning for ESL Students’ Success. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 3(4), 01–12. Retrieved from https://jar.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jarh/article/view/337
  24. Van Orman, D. S. J., Gotch, C. M., & Carbonneau, K. J. (2024). Preparing Teacher Candidates to Assess for Learning: A Systematic Review. Review of Educational Research, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543241233015
  25. Wijayati, D. T., Kautsar, A., & Karwanto, K. (2020). Emotional Intelligence, Work-Family Conflict, and Job Satisfaction on Junior High School Teacher's Performance. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(1), 179-188.
  26. Xu, Y. X. (2012). Studies on emotional labor strategy of secondary school teachers and its relationship with teaching efficacy and job burnout. Wuhan: Hubei University.
  27. Yanchus, N. J., Eby, L. T., Lance, C. E., & Drollinger, S. (2010). The impact of emotional labor on work-family outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 105-117.
  28. Yin, H. (2012). Adaptation and validation of the teacher emotional labor strategy scale in China. Educational Psychology, 32(4), 451-465.
  29. Yin, H., Huang, S., & Chen, G. (2019). The relationships between teachers’ emotional labor and their burnout and satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Educational Research Review, 28, 100283.
  30. Zhu, X., Tian, G., Yin, H., & He, W. (2021). Is familism a motivator or stressor? Relationships between Confucian familism, emotional labor, work-family conflict, and emotional exhaustion among Chinese teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 766047.